To see examples of table ware and other products made by Wood & Caldwell click here.

Enoch Wood (1759-1840) and James Caldwell (1759-1838) were in partnership from 1791 to 1818.  During this time their company Wood & Caldwell was manufacturing vast quantities of pottery, but it is very difficult for us to guess how much.  Even identifying what they produced is difficult as it would appear that the majority of their pottery was not marked. 

We know that they produced tableware, and we know that they produced figures, as a number of productions have survived marked “Wood & Caldwell”.  Enoch Wood was the son of Aaron Wood (1717–1785) who was a highly regarded pottery modeller (mould maker).  Enoch’s uncle Ralph Wood I (1715–1772), also a potter, became famous for producing well-modelled figures.  Everything indicates that Enoch followed in his father’s and uncle’s footsteps.

Ralph Wood made figures but died in 1772.  His son Ralph also produced figures and he died in 1795.  His son, also called Ralph may have also made figures and he died in 1801.  It is likely that Enoch Wood gained some support from his uncles and cousins and may have made copies of the earlier Ralph Wood productions.  However, after 1801 Enoch did not have any further assistance from them.  It is probably safe to assume that in the early days (from 1791) Wood & Caldwell made some of the earlier Ralph Wood figures and then over time steadily came out with new designs.  However, I have read that when Ralph Wood died in 1795,  some of his molds passed into the hands of Richard Dudson, who set up shop in 1800 and made his own versions.

Another point to note is that figures made by Ralp Wood often had square bases which was a style that Enoch Wood adopted for many of his productions.

Another manufacturer who made some identical figures earlier on was Ralp Wedgwood from 1788-1798.  Perhaps some of his moulds were then taken up by Wood & Caldwell.

It is reasonable to assume that the firm of Wood & Caldwell produced huge numbers of figures during the period of the partnership from 1791 to 1818.

The marked figures tend to be the larger more expensive items.  Marked examples known to date include the following:
Bust of Admiral Nelson.
Bust of Alexander Tsar of Russia.
Bust of the Duke of Wellington.
Sir Anthony Van Dyke (large figure on a square base).
Fortitude (large figure on a square base).
St George slaying the dragon.
Britannia.
Bookend – Lady reading (square base, round air hole).
Bookend – Young Boy (puti) reading (square base, round air hole).
Bookend – Young Boy (puti) (square base, round air hole).
Candlestick Triton (square base, round air hole).
Falstaff (square base, round air hole).
Horse spill vase (Hunting Horse).
Cow spill vase.
Recumbent lion (square base, round air hole).

Of the above, the recumbent lion is the smallest example.  The lion was James Caldwell's family crest and this may account for why it received special treatment.  However there are examples of this lion with no marking and I have in my possession one lion with the numeral 2 painted in red paint on the bottom.

Another figure which is assumed to be by Wood & Caldwell is the figure of Peace which also has a square base but is open at the bottom rather than having a flat floor with a round air hole.  The only fact indicating that this might be a Wood & Caldwell piece is that an example was passed down in the Caldwell family at Linley Wood.

We can assume that unmarked Staffordshire figures from the early 1800 period are likely to be Wood & Caldwell productions if they have a rectangular base with a flat bottom and a round centrally located air hole of diameter between 5mm and 15mm.  We can also assume that there will be some figures with an open bottom that will also be Wood & Caldwell productions.

We do know of a vast number of Wood & Caldwell figures from the leger of a London retailer named Wyllie.  Within this list are approximately 60 different named Wood & Caldwell figures, and the total order quantity over a five year period was approximately 1,500.  On this list there are only two items which are known as marked examples; figure of the lion, two pairs (4 figures), Hunting Horses (4 figures).  The other known marked figures mentioned above do not appear on Wyllie’s list. 

Doing the maths, we can calculate that Willey sold approximately 375 unmarked figures for every marked figure.

We do not know how many other retailers sold Wood & Caldwell figures but we can assume that there must have been quite a few.  If the list of figures sold by Wyllie was similar to the mix sold by other retailers, then the ratio of 4 to 1,500 may be a reasonable indicator of the number of unmarked figures produced to the number of marked figures.

Marked Wood & Caldwell figures turn up on the internet for sale about one every three months which is about four per year.  If we make a wild guess and assume that a figure will turn up for sale on the internet once in every 100 years of its life, then this would indicate that there are approximately 500 marked figures still in existence, produced between 1791 and 1818.

It also indicates that there are approximately 187,500 unmarked examples in existence and that approximately 1,875 of these come up for sale each year.

We certainly know that by looking at auctions and browsing through antique shops there are a huge number of unmarked Staffordshire figures for sale at any one time.  These are made by a number of different manufactures but how many of them were made by Wood & Caldwell?

Calculating numbers as above is pure guess work and so should not be taken too seriously but it does give an indication that of all the unmarked Staffordshire figures up for sale each year, probably a relatively large proportion of them were made by Wood & Caldwell.

For reference below I have noted the list of Wood & Caldwell figures that were purchased by Wyllie during the period 1810 to 1815.  This information is from page 324 of ‘English Earthenware Figures’ by Pat Halfpenny, 1991.  She states that she got this information from Ann Eatwell at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London.  Wyllie's list of figures only states very brief titles (no comprehensive description) but this list gives us a good base to work on.  Please note that £1 equals 20 shillings (s).  1 shilling equals 12 pennies (d).

Some of the features that are common to the marked examples and so presumably are common to the unmarked examples are:

1. The general quality of each figure is good.
2. Some of the colour schemes and patterns use colours that are common to other examples.
3. Figures often have a rectangular base.
4. Looking under the rectangular base, it often has an inner rectangle with sides with a slight slope.
5. The rectangular base often has a flat floor with a round air hole which varies in diameter from 5mm to 15mm.
6. On the outside of the rectangular base there is often a continuous thin dark red line extending around all four sides.
7. Sometimes there are flowers that are relatively intricate.  These flowers are sometimes in the branches of trees (bocage) or on the ground.
8. Sometimes there is a two digit number underneath in red.
9. There are some examples with an additional impressed digit or letter but this is very rare.

The above features are useful in identifying Wood or Wood & Caldwell productions but it should be noted that many of the manufacturers copied each other.  What does vary a lot is the underside which is often considerably different if the item was produced by a different manufacturer.

From 1818 onwards Enoch would have continued to produce all the same figures but he no longer marked them "Wood & Caldwell".  We know that some were marked "Wood" or "Enoch Wood & Sons" or a variation of this.  We can assume that many itmes, probably the majority, still continued to be unmarked.

The following is a list of all the known examples.  These are known because some are marked, or they are on Wyllie's list or they have common features and can therefore be attributed to Wood & Caldwell with a reasonable degree of certainty (but not 100%).  These are as follows:

Examples of Andromache are relatively common and experts often note that the manufacturer is assumed to be by Wood or Wood & Caldwell.  Examples often have colour decoration which in style is common to other W&C figures.  The base is square and sometimes has the dark red line around the outside.   Noted on Wyllie's list as Andromache and Hygia [Hygieia] cost 2 shillings per pair (1 shilling each).  Between 1810 and 1815 Wyllie has noted selling 120 (60 pairs) but he may have sold more.  This figure is 23.5cm in height.

The pair of Antony and Cleopatra are relatively rare.  I have been told that examples do exist with the impressed WOOD & CALDWELL mark but I have not seen photographs to confirm this.  Some examples have a rectangular base and some do not.  I have seen an example of one of these with an open base and the number 21 in red (James Neale made a very similar example). Antony and Cleopatra are not listed on Wyllie's list but he does note "Lying Figures" which are singles (not pairs) and these are 2 shillings 6 pennies each which is a high price and so we can assume that "Lying Figures" were substantial productions.  Wyllie notes selling 51 "Lying figures" between 1810 and 1815.  With the unusual shape it is likely that these figures were also sold as bookends.

On Wyllie's list we have "Cupid & Dove" listed as a pair.  I have not been able to find a figure that represents this but we do have a figure which would be better described as Aphrodite holding a Dove.  This figure has many of the charteristics of a Wood & Caldwell production.  It does have a rectangular base with a dark red line going around the outside.  Underneath is a flat floor with a round air hole.  This must be the one but if it was a pair then what does the other one look like?  

6^th January 1810.
12 pair Cupid & Dove, 1s4d, 16s.

30^th Sept 1814.
12 pair Cupid with Dove, 1s4d, 16s.

We know very little about Apollo playing a lyre.  This figure is not listed on Wyllie's list of purchases from Wood & Caldwell between 1810 and 1815.  The figure has many of the charteristics of a Wood & Caldwell production.  It does have a rectangular base with a dark red line going around the outside.  Underneath is a flat floor with a round air hole.  The height of the model is recorded as 19cm.  The painting is not as detailed as Wood & Caldwell and the the style of the painting is a bit different.  This could be by Wood & Caldwell but it might not.

The story of Bacchus and Ariadne was written by the Roman poets Catullus and/or Ovid and as with all Greek and Roman mythology could have been based on stories written by earlier authors.  There are known Staffordshire figures of Baccus and Adrianne and these are attributed to Enoch Wood (and/or Wood & Caldwell) but there seem to be two sizes which could indicate that a second company also made them.  I have seen two versions, 54.5cm tall and 62cm tall.  A large copy in silver lustre is in one of the Staffordshire museums.  There was a copy at the Caldwell family home of Linley Wood but its whereabouts are now not known.  The model itself could have been based on an ancient marble of Priapos and a Maenad.  There are also smaller models but these appear to be much later copies and so not by Wood & Caldwell.

The London dealer Wyllie notes the pair “Sportsman & Archer” on four occasions between 1810 and 1840.  The cost is 1s4d per pair or 8d each.  He orders at least 66 during this time and possibly more.  This would indicate that this production was very popular, and they were sold in large numbers. 

6^th January 1810.  24 pair Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, £1.12.0.
22^nd October 1810.  24 pr Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, £1.12.0.
30^th Sept 1814.  12 Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, 16s.
29^th April 1815.  6 pair Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, £8s.

This pair consisted of a sportsman with a musket and lady with a bow.  A number of versions were made by different manufactures.  It is likely that Wood & Caldwell had two versions, the earlier being with bocage but without the square base.  The second being with the square base but without the bocage.

One example has the number 51 in dark red.

The London dealer Wyllie notes buying a number of items from Wood & Caldwell referred to has “Flower Baskets”.  We can assume that these are figures of people with flower baskets but it is difficult to identify the models.   Some are noted as “Large Flower Baskets” at 8d per item.  He also lists “Small Flower Baskets” but these are much more expensive at 2s6d so must have been substantial productions.  Strange that the “small” costs a lot more than the “large”.  He then has another production noted as "Large" and these are 4s which is very expensive.  He also notes some as being size 4,5,6? None of these are noted as pairs or sets and so this would indicate that they are identical productions.  He does use the words “doz” and “dz” but these do not seem to be abbreviations for dozen. 

On his leger he has recorded: 
6^th January 1810.  15 doz Flower Baskets, 2s6d, 16s.
26^th May 1810.  12 dz Flower Baskets, 2s6d, £2.5.0.
22^nd October 1810.  4 doz Flower baskets, 2s6d, 10s.
12^th February 1814.  6 doz Small Flower Baskets, 2s6d, 16s.
29^th April 1815.  8 doz Small Flower Baskets, 2s6d, £1.0.0.
29^th April 1815.  8 doz Large Flower Baskets, 4s, £1.12.0.
5^th August 1815.  17 doz Flower Baskets, 12 size 4, 5 size 6, £2.3.9.
25^th November 1815.  12 Large Flower Baskets, 8d, 8s.
25^th November 1815.  12 doz Small Flower Baskets, 2s6d, £1.10.0.

Between 1810 and 1815 Wyllie has noted 94 items and it is likely that he purchased more.  We can assume that there must be quite a few of these productions around today.  There are a lot of small figures which feature a putti holding a basket and many of these could be Wood & Caldwell but they all seem to be different.  There is also a small pair of children, boy and girl, sitting down, each with a basket of flowers.  These could be bookends but if they are they are very small.  Some of the examples are likely to be Wood & Caldwell but we don't know which ones.

As mentioned above, the London dealer Wyllie notes buying a number of items from Wood & Caldwell referred to has “Flower Baskets”.   None of these are noted as pairs or sets and so this pair of boy and girl sitting down holding flower baskets is unlikely to be referred to here.

The models are an unusual composition and look like bookends but they are a bit too small to be bookends.

This pair does have all the Wood & Caldwell characteristics.  Rectangular base with a flat bottom and a round air hole.  One is numbered in red 14 or 71.  On the outside of the base is the continuous dark red line.  The style of the painting is similar to other W&C pieces.

The figure of a lady reading is very rare and does not appear to be listed by Wyllie.  One of the brown coloured examples has the impressed mark "Wood & Caldwell" and so we can be 100% certain that these are Wood & Caldwell productions.  They also have the other characteristics; rectangular base, flat bottom, round air hole.  The coloured versions are typical of W&C.  The brown version is also typical of W&C.

The length is 16cm and they are very heavy being slightly over 2kg each.  These would have been designed as bookends.

A figure of Youth, being a small boy with no clothes on (Cupid/Cherub/Putti).  He is holding an open cup which may have been to hold a writing quill.  Rectangular base with round air hole.  20cm high, 13cm deep, 9cm wide, 900gm.  Impressed mark on the base “WOOD & CALDWELL”.  These would have been designed as bookends.  I have seen another version which has the boy reading a book and a version which is made as a candle stick.

Britannia holding a trident and a shield.  Seated next to a lion.  The back is impressed "Wood & Caldwell" and "Burslem".  24cm high.

Ceres - goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships.  In mythology also similar to Cybele - mother goddess in Anatolian mythology who personified the earth and was associated with fertility, nature, and agriculture.  26.7 cm tall.  All the Wood & Caldwell characteristics.  Not noted on Wyllie's list.  One example has the number 27 under the base in dark red.

The colour schemes on the examples below are typical for Wood & Caldwell and the square base has the dark red line and looks Wood & Caldwell but the bottom reveals an open space (rather than a flat square floor with sloped square sides and a round hole).  However, when we look at different versions of Faith Hope & Charity by other manufactures there are very few with a flat bottom and those with a flat bottom do not seem to have the right quality to be Wood & Caldwell.  The open bottom does look similar to the figure of Peace and so we can conclude that the examples below are Wood & Caldwell. 

The London dealer Wyllie in his leger records:
26^th May 1810.  12 setts Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s6d, £1.10.0.
14^th August 1810.  12 Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s6d, £1.10.0.
30^th Sept 1814. 12 sets Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s6d, £1.10.0.
29^th April 1815.  8 sets Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s, £1.0.0.

From the above we can see that the cost per item was 10d.  We can also see that Wyllie ordered 132 items between 1810 and 1815 and it is possible that he ordered more.  This set was popular which is why we regularly see examples for sale.

Arthur Hayden (Chats on Old Earthenware, 1909) mentions Faith, Hope and Charity, but this is with reference to a set which is marked Wedgwood and is assumed to date to 1770.

Examples of Falstaff with the impressed mark Wood & Caldwell are well known.  Unmarked versions are also known. Falstaff is mentioned by Arthur Hayden in 'Chats on English Earthenware', 1909 (pages 371, 374). 

Interestingly Falstaff is not listed by the London dealer Wyllie.  Out of approx 1500 figures sold by him, not a single one is identified as Falstaff.

It should be noted that the sword was made of china and was very fagile.  I have only ever seen one example with the original sword.  All the others have been modified as the sword has been broken off.

Height 223 mm, base 85 mm x 85 mm, weight 740 gm.

We know of the “elements” today as the atoms that make up the ionic table (hydrogen, helium, lithium, berylliam, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc).  Back in the late 1700s and early 1800s elements were beginning to be discovered and the ionic table was about to take shape.  However, very few people were aware of this and instead the word “elements” meant fire, earth, air and water.

Fire is a man using a magnifying glass to make fire.  Water is a lady with a fish and a fish trap.  Soil is a man with a shovel.  Air is a lady with a bird. 

The Lonon dealer Wyllie notes purchasing sets of the elements from Wood & Caldwell.

6^th January 1810.  3 sets Elements, 8s. [2s8d for a set of 4, 8d each]
14^th August 1810. 12 setts Elements, 2s8d, £1.12.0.
30^th Sept 1814. 3 setts Elements, 2s8d, 8s.

From this we can see that the cost per item was 8d.  We can also see that from 1810 to 1815 he ordered 72 items and we can assume there were probably others.  This indicates that this particular group was sold in large numbers.

Versions of the Elements were made by a number of manufactures but there is a model which has distinctive Wood & Caldwell features.  The base is typical; dark red line, flat rectangular bottom with an air hole.  The colour scheme is also typical.  

We know that Wood & Caldwell made a model of Flora and a model of Pomona as these were purchased by the London dealer Wyllie.

26^th May 1810.
2 Floras [Farnese Flora], 2s6d, 5s. 

3^rd April 1813.
2 doz Pomona & Flora, 4s, 8s.

There are lots of versions of Flora and Pomona made by a number of manufactures but most of these do not look to be by Wood & Caldwell. From Wyllie's list we can see that he only ordered a small number of these (2 Floras and later 2 pairs of Flora and Pomona).  The price appears to be 2s6d for a single Flora or 2s if bought as a pair.  This is a high price and we can therefore assume that the Wood & Caldwell version on Wyllie's list was a large expensive item that only sold in small quantities.  There are two styles that are likely to be by Wood & Caldwell, one item being very large at 500 mm in height and the other smaller at 320 mm which is still fairly large.  The detailing of the arms and the flowers is very intricate and would have required extra work and cost to produce.

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced a large version of Fortitude as I have seen photos of a copy with the impressed mark "Wood & Caldwell" inside the open base.  This copy was sold by Bonhams, Lot 31, 13 January 2010.  Dimensions 51cm high which is incredibly large.  It may be that a smaller normal size version was also made.

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced an item called Hecules & Bull as this is listed by the London dealer Wyllie.  From 1810 to 1815 Wyllie bought approx 1500 figures from Wood & Caldwell but only one Hercules & Bull.

25^th November 1815.
1 Hercules & Bull, 2s6d.

It is not listed as a pair or a set.  At a cost of 2 shillings and 6 pennies this makes it a very expensive item so we can assume that it was large and high quality.

In ancient mythology, Hercules and Achelous were rival suitors of the nymph Deianeira. They fought over her and Achelous transformed himself into a bull.  Hercules defeated him by breaking off one of his horns.

There do not seem to be many examples of Staffordshire figures of Hercules fighting a bull and so we can be fairly certain that the examples below were made by Wood & Caldwell.  They also incorporate the detailed flowers which were characteristic of Enoch Wood.

The London based dealer Wyllie notes buying approximately 400 stags/hinds between 1810 and 1815.  These must have been very popular, and he notes a number of variations.  “Pair stag & hind” is presumably two separate items with the subjects sitting down (recumbent).  Later he mentions “stag hind standing” which implies that the earlier models were sitting.  Making a model of a stag standing on four legs would be more technically challenging than making a model with the subject sitting.  Presumably Enoch Wood made the earlier models all sitting and then later advanced on to making them standing.  Wyllie also lists some as “small stags”, “odd stags”, “pair stags”, “pair standing stag & hind” and “pair medium stag and hind”.  It is likely that versions were made with and without bocage.

Another item is listed as a pair “stag & hound” and this is probably a figure of a stag being chased by three hounds and it may have been produced as a mirrored pair.“

Stag and hind” cost 1 shilling and 3 pence for the pair.
“Stag & hound” cost 2 shillings and 3 pence for the pair.
“Small stag” the cost is unclear.
“Stags” cost 1 shilling and 3 pence for a pair.
“Odd stag” cost 7 and a half pence.
“Stag hind standing” cost 2 shillings for the composition.
“Stag standing” cost 2 shillings for a pair.

6^th January 1810.
20 pair Stag & Hind, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

14^th August 1810
36 pr Stag & Hound, 2s3d, £2.5.0.
3 Small Stags, 2 @ 2/3, 1 @ 1s, 4s3d.

22^nd October 1810
20 pr Stag & Hind, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

3^rd April 1813
20 pr Stags, 1s3d, £1.5.0.
12 odd Stags, ????, 7s6d.

30^th Sept 1814
12 Stag Hind Standing, 2s, £1.4.0. [this would imply that there is a stag hind sitting]

5^th August 1815
30 pr Stags Standing, 2s, £3.

25^th November 1815
40 pair Standing Stag & Hind, 2s, £4.0.0.
20 pair Medium Stag & Hind, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

A large group is also known which incorportes the same stag and hind.  This is also highly likely to have been made by Wood & Caldwell.

The London based dealer Wyllie notes buying:
29^th April 1815
4 Hunting Horses, 9s.
From this we can see that the cost per horse is 2s3d which is a high price and indicates that this item is a major piece.  This presumably describes the known spill vase figure of a horse standing which is noted to have the impressed mark "Wood & Caldwell".

Another figure of a horse rearing up on its hind legs is also known as a marked item.

Noted on the London dealer Wyllie's list as Andromache and Hygia [Hygieia] cost 2 shillings per pair (1 shilling each).  

26^th May 1810
24 pair Andromache & Hygia, £2s, £2.5.0. 

14^th August 1810
24 pr Andromache & Hygia, 2s, £2.8.0.

29^th April 1815
12 pair Andromache & Hygia, 2s, £1.4.0.

Between 1810 and 1815 Wyllie has noted selling 120 (60 pairs) but he may have sold more.  From this we can assume that large numbers were produced by Wood & Caldwell there will be quite a few examples surviving today.  Other manufactures made versions but there do not seem to be any with a flat bottom.  They all have a hollow bottom.

Jobson the Cobbler and his wife was made in large numbers by different manufactures.  We know that Wood & Caldwell made a version because the London dealer Wyllie records buying "3 pair Small Jobson, 3s, 9s" (25^th November 1815).  From this we know that the cost was 3s for a pair (1s 6d each) and this would indicate that this model was resonably high quality.  Out of approx 1500 figures brought between 1810 and 1815 only 6 were Jobson.  We can therefore assume that the majority of Jobson figures seen for sale today were not made by Wood & Caldwell.  The figures below are the only images I have found with the flat bottom incorporating a small air hole.  We can be certain that these examples were made by Wood & Caldwell.  Another thing to note is that there is an imbossed number on the bottom (34, 34, 34, 27).  Embossed numbers on Wood & Caldwell items are very rare but have been seen on examples with the impressed mark "Wood & Caldwell".

We know that Wood & Caldwell made a version of Justice and Peace because some examples of these are listed on the purchase list of the London dealer Wyllie as follows:

6^th January 1810.  12 pair Justice and Peace, 2s, £1.4.0.
14^th August 1810.  12 pr Justice & Peace, 2s, £1.4.0.
5^th August 1815.  12 pair Justice & Peace, 2s, £1.4.0.

When we look at images of Justice and/or Peace that have come up for sale there aren't any with a flat bottom and a small air hole.  All the examples have an open bottom.  Most do have a square base with a dark read line around the outside.   It is likely that these were all made by the same manufacturer.  Passed down in the family from James Caldwell's home, Linley Wood, is an example of Peace with an open bottom.  It is not guaranteed that this example was made by Wood & Caldwell but it is highly likely.  We can be pretty certain that the examples below were all made by Wood & Caldwell.

Lots of examples of these turn up for sale on the internet.  Presumably during and after the Napoleonic wars the figure of Peace was very popular.

We know that Wood & Caldwell made a version of a leopard because some examples of these are listed on the purchase list of the London dealer Wyllie as follows:

26^th May 1810.
3 pr Large Leopards, 1s6d, 4s6d. 

14^th August 1810.
6 pr Large Leopard, 1s6d, 9s.

From Wyllie's list we can see that he has recorded this as "large leopards" rather than just "leopards".  It is probably therefore safe to assume that there were two versions, one being large and one being small.  It should also be noted that he has recorded this item as a pair which would imply that there were mirrored versions.  The cost for the large version was 9d per item and the cost for the small version was probably lower.

Wyllie only ordered 9 pairs (18 items) and so presumably these did not sell in large quantities.

Checking through images of staffordshire figures from this period there only appears to be two versions of a leopard and presumably these were both by Wood & Caldwell.  Presumably these were not copied by other manufactures.

The Lion is a known Wood & Caldwell item that in most cases carries the impressed mark "Wood & Caldwell".  They were sold in pairs but interestingly the pairs are not exact mirror images of each other.  The London dealer Wyllies notes it on his list of items bought from Wood & Caldwell between 1810 and 1850 (14^th August 1810, 2 pr Lions, 2s6d, 5s).  This Lion was the crest of James Caldwell and so presumably was special to him and perhaps this is why most of them that appear for sale are usually marked.  

The figure of the Blessed Virgin Mary with her child Jesus appears in a number of books on Staffordshire Figures and they are always noted as having been made by Wood & Caldwell.  There is an example in the Victoria & Albert Museum which is noted as having the impressed mark and this has a base looking like a rock.  This may be an early version.  All the other examples have the rectangular bottom and they are hollow underneath but to date I have not seen one with the impressed mark. Some of the painted decoration looks distinctly like Wood & Caldwell and we can be fairly certain that they are all by Wood & Caldwell.  An image of this figure is shown in ‘English Earthenware Figures’ by Pat Halfpenny, 1991.  It is not mentioned by Arthur Hayden in 'Chats on English Earthenware', 1909.  This is a large figure being 34cm in height.

Medea at the Altar of Diana is not listed by Wyllie and so we have no definate proof that Wood & Caldwell produced this figure.  The example below does have some of the Wood & Caldwell characteristics and so could have been made by the company.

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced a pair of figures referred to as Horn & Tambourine.  These were ordered by the London dealer Wyllie 6 January 1810.  He ordered two pairs at a cost of 3s per pair (6s for two pairs or 1s6d per item.  At this price this would indicate that they were more complex than many other figures.  As he only ordered two pairs this would indicate that there were not many sold and so Wood & Caldwell versions today must be very rare.  The pair below are not marked but we can be certain that they were made by Wood & Caldwell.  The inside of the square base is typical and the paintwork is of the Wood & Caldwell style.  There are other versions with slightly different bases and these are probably also by Wood & Caldwell.

6^th January 1810.2 pair Horn & Tambourine, 3s, 6s.

A figure of a lady playing a lute is not listed on Wyllie's list and so there is no confirmation that Wood & Caldwell made this subject but the model below has all the characteristics of Wood & Caldwell.  It is possible that this was produced as a pair with the other being the man playing the herdy-gurdy.

A figure of a man playing a hurdy-gurdy is not listed on Wyllie's list and so there is no confirmation that Wood & Caldwell made this subject but the model below has all the characteristics of Wood & Caldwell.  It is possible that this was produced as a pair with the other being the lady playing the lute.

"Hurdy-Gurdy Player" is listed as Wood & Caldwell by Arthur Hayden in his book 'Chats on English Earthenware', 1909.  Page 76.

An earlier version of this is known to exist which appears to be from the same mould however the colours are not as bright and the base is slightly different being rounded on the inside instead of being square.

Neptune & Venus are listed by Wyllie and during the period 1810 to 1815 he recorded buying a total of 36 pairs (72 units) at a cost of 2s per pair (1s each).  There are versions which appear to have been made by other manufactures but there are some with characteristic Wood & Caldwell features and we can be certain that these were manufactured by Wood & Caldwell.

26^th May 1810.  12 pair Neptune & Venus, 2s, £1.4.0.

14^th August 1810.  12 pr Neptune & Venus, 2s, £1.4.0.

30^th Sept 1814.  12 Neptune & Venus, 2s, £1.4.0.

We know that the English dealer Wyllie ordered some pairs consisting of two dogs, one being a pointer and one being a spaniel.  These were sold at 2s for the pair (1s each) which is on the high side and so we can assume they were good pieces.  This is also mentioned in Pat Halfpenny's book, English Earthenware Figures, page 90.

From Wyllie's list of purchases we have:
6^th January 1810.  Pair Pointer & Spaniel, 2s.
26^th May 1810.  6 pair Spaniel & Pointer, 2s, 12s.

The set of Staffordshire figures known as the Seasons (Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter) were popular and presumably large numbers were sold.  Lots of versions were also made by other manufactures and they all turn up frequently for sale.  Between 1810 and 1815 the London dealer Wyllie appears to have purchased 10 sets of 4 and 4 partial sets of 2 (48 units) from Wood & Caldwell and these are noted on his leger.
26^th May 1810.  6 setts Seasons, 2s6d, 16s.
22^nd October 1810.  4 doz Summer & Spring, 4s, 16s.
29^th April 1815.  4 seasons (new), 1s6d, 6s.

We know that the set consisted of 4 items but Wyllie’s record is a bit confusing.  We can assume that “doz” does not mean dozen.  Later in 1815 he notes “new” which might mean that the model changed in some way.  At 1s6d per set it might be that these “new” figures were a smaller version.  The earlier version looks to have sold for 2s6d per set.

Spring is a lady carrying a basket.
Summer is a lady harvesting wheat.
Autumn is a man with some grapes.
Winter is a man with a coat and ice-skates skating on a frozen lake

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced a pair called Sheep & Ram because the London dealer Wyllie listed this on his ledger.  A goat is also mentioned:
25^th November 1815. 
12 pair Small Sheep & Ram, 8d, 8s.
5 pair & Goat, 10d, 4s2d. [see page 76 of English Earthenware figures]

Identifying this figure is difficult as there are lots of sheep figures made by different manufactures.  Some possibles are below:

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced a pair called "Shepherd & Shepherdess" as these are listed by the London dealer Wyllie as follows:
25^th November 1815.
6 Shepherd & Shepherdess, 1s, 6s.

I am not certain which model this refers to but the male shepherd might be this figure which is also sometimes refered to as "The Lost Sheep".  For this figure we have the distinct Wood & Caldwell square base with the air hole and with a red number.  We also see another version which is obviously from the same manufacture but with a different bottom.  On this version is the impressed number 88.  Impressed numbers like this are also found on marked Wood & Caldwell items but not so common.  The other thing to note is that the painting is using identical colours.  From this we can assume that Wood & Caldwell made two or more styles of base.

Young boy carrying a goose.  This figure does not appear to be listed by the London dealer Wyllie but it has all the charactoristics of a Wood & Caldwell production.

The London dealer Wyllie notes buying an item called “pheasants”.  We can see that this item was not a pair and we can see that at a price of 2s6d this must have been a substantial piece.  We can also see that Wyllie ordered 65 units between 1810 and 1815 which means that this item was popular and presumably other dealers also bought them and lots were sold.  

6^th January 1810.
15 doz Pheasants, 2s6d, £1.17.6.

22^nd October 1810
16 doz Pheasants, 2s6p, £2.0.0.

 3^rd April 1813
8 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, £1.0.0.
4 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, 10s.

 12^th February 1814
16 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, £2.0.0.

 30^th Sept 1814
6 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, 6s.

This figure is very rare and I have only once seen it.  It is not listed on Wyllie's list or in any books that I am aware off.  It has the characteristic Wood & Caldwell square base with the dark red line.  The underside is also square and it has the round air hole.  Jason was the Greek hero who led the Argonauts.  Could also be Aaron from the Bible as he also sacrificed a goat.

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced a Staffordshire Figure which contains a fox as this is listed by the London dealer Wyllie as follows:

26^th May 1810.
3 pr Foxes. 1s, 3s.

14^th August 1810
1 doz Foxes, 6s.
6 Foxes, 3s.

It appears to be a pair at a cost of 1s for the pair or 6d each.  At 6d each this would indicate a fairly straight forward item.  A pair was probably the same but one being the mirror image of the other.  The image below might be one of such a pair.

We know that Wood & Caldwell produced a Staffordshire Figure which contains a Cow and a Calf as this is listed by the London dealer Wyllie as follows:

26^th May 1810
3 pr Cow & Calf, 3s, 9s.

14^th August 1810
4 pr Cow & Calf, 3s, 12s.

30^th Sept 1814
3 Cow & Calf, 1s6d, 4s6d.

29^th April 1815
5 pair Cow & Calf, 1s6d, 7s6d.
4 Large Cow with Brass Nozzle, 9s.

25^th November 1815
6 pair Cow & Calf, 1s6d, 9s.

From the above it can be seen that there are possibly a number of versions.  One version is a pair that costs 3s or 1s6d each.  Another is a lesser version as it costs 1s6d for the pair which is 9d each.  Wyllie ordered reasonable numbers so we can assume that there are quite a few still in existance.  However, it looks like other manufacturers also made other copies.

There is also a "large cow with brass nozzle" and this is presumably a milk jug or cream jug.

Although not on Wyllie's list, there are known versions of a large cow as a spill vase and some of these are marked Wood & Caldwell.

Wyllie lists a figure as "Diana" and we can assume that this would be Diana the Huntress.  At a cost of 1s6d each this was presumably one of the extra large items.  It is likely that Wood & Caldwell also made a smaller more normal size version and the figure below is presuably the normal size version. 

26^th May 1810.
2 Dianas, 1s6d, 3s.

The figure of Diana is also mentioned in 'Chats on English Earthenware' by Arthur Hayden. Page 75, 355 illustrated.

The "Jolly Traveller (man, dog and donkey)" is mentioned on page 76 in 'Chats on English Earthenware' by Arthur Hayden, 1909.  This figure is not listed by Wyllie and no marked examples are known.  

The example below is of very high quality and could quite possibly be by Wood & Caldwell.

"The Tithe Pig (Parson, farmer and his wife and baby and pigs) with tree and foliage as background" is mentioned on page 76 in 'Chats on English Earthenware' by Arthur Hayden, 1909.  This figure is not listed by Wyllie and no marked examples are known.  

One of the examples below could possibly be by Wood & Caldwell.

Triton impressed "WOOD & CALDWELL". 23.5cm high.  This example is missing a small metal holder base that would have sat in the top of the trumpet

Large Staffordshire Figure of Sir Anthony Van Dyke impressed "WOOD & CALDWELL".  55 cm high.  This example is missing an arm.

Staffordshire figure of St George attacking the dragon.  I understand that these come in two sizes, height 20 cm and 28 cm.  Impressed "WOOD & CALDWELL".

Staffordshire figure of Britannia.  Impressed "Wood & Caldwell".

Large Staffordshire figure bust of Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington.  I understand that these come in two sizes, height ? cm and 58.5 cm.  Impressed "WOOD & CALDWELL".

On the back is a plaque with an impressed note: ALEXANDER AEt. 35, MOSCOW BURNT EUROPE PRESERVED 1812. 
Impressed 'WOOD & CALDWELL'.
Weight 1258gm, 305mm high. 

The bust of Admiral Horatio Nelson was presumably created after the Battle of Trafalgar, 21 October 1805.  We don't know the exact date that this bust became available but it would have likely been between 1807 and 1810.  All the British people celebrated the great victory but at the same time morned the loss of one of the country's greatest military leaders.  A vast range of memoribilia was produced to commemorate the event and this was a good opportunity for a company like Wood & Caldwell to widen their portfolio of offers.   These busts are fairly rare but there are known examples with the impressed mark of Wood & Caldwell.  I don't know the height but I understand it is approximately 21cm.

Bust of John Wesley made by Enoch Wood in 1781 before the Wood & Caldwell partnership, 1791.  Enoch was 22 years of age when he met John Wesley and modelled this bust at Burslem.  Production continued in the Wood & Caldwell period (1791-1818) but the impressed mark does not say Wood & Caldwell.  The impressed mark says:
The Rev John Wesley MA, Died March 2nd 1791, age 88, Enoch Wood, Sculp, Bursledon.  Height 330mm.

Bust of Rev George Whitfield made by Enoch Wood probably before the Wood & Caldwell partnership, 1791.  Production would have continued in the Wood & Caldwell period (1791-1818) but the impressed mark does not say Wood & Caldwell.  The impressed mark says:
The Reverand George Whitfield, Died Sept 30 1770, aged 50, Enoch Wood, Sculp, Bursledon.  Height 330mm.

As mentioned above, we do know of a vast number of Wood & Caldwell figures from the leger of a London retailer named Wyllie.  This information is from page 324 of ‘English Earthenware Figures’ by Pat Halfpenny, 1991.  The list of the figures only states very brief titles and no comprehensive description but this list gives us a good base to work on.  Please note that £1 equals 20 shillings (s).  1 shilling equals 12 pennies (d).

6^th January 1810.

12 pair Justice and Peace, 2s, £1.4.0. 

24 pair Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, £1.12.0.

3 pair Village Songsters, 3s, 9s. [likely to be two individual pieces].

2 pair Horn & Tambourine, 3s, 6s.

20 pair Stag & Hind, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

12 pair Cupid & Dove, 1s4d, 16s.

15 doz Flower Baskets, 2s6d, 16s.

15 doz Pheasants, 2s6d, £1.17.6. 

6 doz Lying figures, 2s6d, £1,17.6.

3 sets Elements [4 in a set: fire, earth, air, water], ????, £8.

1 pair Pointer & Spaniel, 2s. [see page 90 of English Earthenware Figures]

26^th May 1810

4 doz Swans, 2s6d, 10s.

3 pair Cooks, 2s6d, 7s6p.

6 pair Spaniel & Pointer, 2s, 12s.

6 setts Seasons [4 in a set: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter], 2s6d, 16s

12 pair Neptune & Venus, 2s, £1.4.0.

24 pair Andromache & Hygia, £2s, £2.5.0.

12 setts Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s6d, £1.10.0.

12 dz Flower Baskets, 2s6d, £2.5.0.

12 dz Lying Figures, 2s6d, £1.10.0.

2 Dianas, 1s6d, 3s.

2 Floras [Farnese Flora], 2s6d, 5s. 

3 pr Cow & Calf, 3s, 9s. 

3 pr Foxes. 1s, 3s.

3 pr Large Leopards, 1s6d, 4s6d.

6 pr Small Leopards, 5d, 2s6d.

14^th August 1810

36 pr Stag & Hound, 2s3d, £2.5.0. 

24 pr Andromache & Hygia, 2s, £2.8.0.

12 pr Neptune & Venus, 2s, £1.4.0.

12 pr Justice & Peace, 2s, £1.4.0.

12 setts Elements [fire, earth, air, water], £2s8d, £1.12.0.

12 Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s6d, £1.10.0.

6 pr Village Songster, 3s, £1.8.0.

6 pr Large Leopard, 1s6d, 9s.

4 pr Cow & Calf, 3s, 12s.

2 pr Lions, 2s6d, 5s.

3 pr Cooks, 2s6d, 7s6d.

2 [St. Johns? St George?], 5s, 5s.

3 Small Stags, 2 @ 2/3, 1 @ 1s, 4s3d.

1 doz Foxes, [6d?], 6s.

3 doz Swans, 2s6d, 7s6d.

6 Foxes, [6d], 3s.

22^nd October 1810

20 pr Stag & Hind, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

24 pr Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, £1.12.0.

16 doz Pheasants, 2s6p, £2.0.0.

4 doz Summer & Spring [Seasons?], 4s, 16s.

4 doz Flower baskets, 2s6d, 10s.

7 doz Lying figures, 2s6d, 17s6d.

3^rd April 1813

2 doz Pomona & Flora, 4s, 8s.

8 doz Lying Figures, 2s6d, £1.0.0.

8 doz [squatt?] baskets 2s6d, £1.0.0

8 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, £1.0.0.

20 pr Stags, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

12 odd Stags, ????, 7s6d.

4 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, 10s.

12^th February 1814

16 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, £2.0.0.

6 doz Small Flower Baskets, 2s6d, 16s.

6 doz Lying Figures, 2s6d, 15s.

30^th Sept 1814

12 sets Faith, Hope & Charity [set of 3], 2s6d, £1.10.0.

12 pair Cupid with Dove, 1s4d, 16s.

12 Stag Hind Standing, 2s, £1.4.0. [this would imply that there is a stag hind sitting]

6 Village Songsters, 3s, 18s.

3 Cow & Calf, 1s6d, 4s6d.

12 Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, 16s.

12 Neptune & Venus, 2s, £1.4.0.

2 Tailor & Mate, 2s, 8s. 

6 doz Large Pheasants, 2s6d, 6s.

12 doz Lying Figures, 2s6d, £1.10.0.

3 setts Elements [set of 4: fire, earth, air, water], 2s8d, 8s.

29^th April 1815

5 pair Cow & Calf, 1s6d, 7s6d.

8 doz Small Flower Baskets, 2s6d, £1.0.0.

8 doz Large Flower Baskets, 4s, £1.12.0.

6 pair Sportsman & Archer, 1s4d, £8s.

12 pair Andromache & Hygia, 2s, £1.4.0.

8 sets Faith, Hope & Charity, 2s, £1.0.0.

4 seasons (new), 1s6d, 6s.

4 pair Venus & Cupid, 3s, 3 [sic].

4 Large Cow with Brass Nozzle, 9s.

4 Hunting Horses, 9s.

4 pair Churches, 5s.

5^th August 1815

30 pr Stags Standing, 2s, £3.

12 pair Justice & Peace, 2s, £1.4.0.

17 doz Flower Baskets, 12 size 4, 5 size 6, £2.3.9.

25^th November 1815

40 pair Standing Stag & Hind, 2s, £4.0.0.

20 pair Medium Stag & Hind, 1s3d, £1.5.0.

12 Large Flower Baskets, 8d, 8s.

12 doz Small Flower Baskets, 2s6d, £1.10.0.

6 pair Cow & Calf, 1s6d, 9s.

3 pair Small Jobson, 3s, 9s. [no idea]

5 pair Sheep & Goat, 10d, 4s2d. [see page 76 of English Earthenware figures]

12 pair Small Sheep & Ram, 8d, 8s.

6 Shepherd & Shepherdess, 1s, 6s.

1 Hercules & Bull, 2s6d.

Notes.

The doz and dz does not seem to mean a dozen.

Sometimes the multiplication of unit price and total does not add up.

For more information on the Wood & Caldwell company click here.

To see examples of table ware and other products made by Wood & Caldwell click here.